Here is an essay on ‘Biodiversity Hotspots of the World’ for class 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Find paragraphs, long and short essays on ‘Bio-Diversity Hotspots of the World’ especially written for school and college students.
Bio-Diversity Hotspots of the World
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Essay Contents:
- Essay on Bio-Diversity as a Recreation
- Essay on Bio-Diversity Hotspots of the World
- Essay on British Columbia
- Essay on Amazonian Wilderness in Brazil
- Essay on Salonga National Park
- Essay on Virunga National Park (Rwanda, Uganda, Congo)
- Essay on Kruger National Park (South Africa)
- Essay on Yosemite National Park (USA)
- Essay on Hornbill National Park (Thailand)
- Essay on Mauritania National Park
- Essay on Halma Hera National Park
- Essay on Great Barrier Coral Reef, Queensland (Australia)
- Essay on PuMat Nature Reserve
- Essay on Taxa Plants, New Zealand
- Essay on Milky Storks of Malaysia
- Essay on Mount Hkaborazi National Park and Few Others
Essay # 1. Bio-Diversity as a Recreation:
There are 30 new biodiversity hotspots in the world. The rain forests are evergreen forests and rich in bio-diversity. The carnivores, mammals are a unique sight there. Among them are lions, tigers, panthers, jaguars, leopards, Civets, Genets, African Palm civets hyenas, mongooses, Madasker Carnivores, wild dogs, Red Panda, Raccoons, weasels and their relatives.
The mammals in the world are of several types i.e.,
(1) Carnivores
(2) Hoofed mammals
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(3) Primates
(4) Sea mammals
(5) Marsupials
(6) Rodents
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(7) Insectivores
(8) Bats.
These animals are of great attraction to human being. The wild birds with different colours and species are a great pastime recreation while watching them amidst the dense forests. The reptiles like turtles, lizards, snakes, and crocodiles create a beautiful sight while observing their movements. Several plants, trees, flowering bushes, ferns, orchids and mosses are a great attraction to the botanists and plant lovers all over the world. In this way bio-diversity is a great recreation to human mind.
Essay # 2. Bio-Diversity Hotspots of the World:
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There are several bio-diversity hotspots in the rain forests, mountain forests, wetlands and oceans. The rain forest bio-diversity and Coral Reef Biodiversity are the richest in the world. For example, The Amazonia in Brazil, Western African forests, South East Asian Rain Forests and North Eastern Rain forests of Australia are considered as the richest bio-diversity hotspots in the world.
These forests are scattered on both the sides of Equator toward 20° North and South. The mammals, reptiles, aves, orthopoda and other animals are found in large numbers. The marine life is also rich in bio-diversity in Coral Reef Barrier, Ningaloo Barrier Reef and the Great Barrier Coral Reef.
The fishes, Emperor fish, pipe fish and snake fish are quite impressive sea animals. Besides this, the whales, sharks, dolphins, turtles, crocodiles, sea snakes are common sights in Coral Reefs and Coral sea in Australia.
The other bio-diversity areas are Parrots Island, Lizard Island, Snake Island, Antigua, Mauritania Coastal Marine Park, South Africa South Coastal Marine Park, are some of the rich bio-diversity hotspots in the world. Besides this, the Foya Mountains in New Guinea are newly searched out biodiversity hotspots in the world.
Essay # 3. British Columbia:
British Columbia in Canada is most beautiful place which has rich varieties of wildlife and natural areas for the purpose of tourism in the world known for its fresh water lakes, rivers, fishes and grizzly bears, British Columbia is world leader in wilderness tourism. In 2004, the direct revenue was $ 9.5 billion with 117,500 full time jobs to the people. The natural landscape of British Columbia is amazing in natural beauty.
The beautiful meadows spread up to thousands of square kilometers, the river valleys, the Columbia mountain ranges are some of the most beautiful natural areas which boast of British Columbia’s leadership in wilderness tourism.
British Columbia attracts millions tourists every year to see the vast tracks of natural wonders of this state. The bio-diversity is quite rich. The cold climate mammals, polar bears, grizzly bears, wild foxes, beautiful birds, water birds and shore birds are found in large numbers. Mountain tiger, mountain Goat and Bighorns are also found in snow-clad mountains.
Essay # 4. Amazonian Wilderness in Brazil:
The rain forests of Amazon are most popular among the tourists of the world. The Amazonia wilderness is the largest wilderness in the world spread up to 5 million square kilometers. World’s two third rain forests are found in Amazon and one fifth of world’s bird species exist here. The most violent carnivore mammals are found in Amazonia. A large number of poisonous snakes are found here. The water snakes – Anaconda is found in the Wetlands and rivers of Amazon.
The Amazon National Park is the best example of the amazing wild life in the world. The Government of Brazil is doing its best to protect the wildlife of Amazon through this National Park. The birds, reptiles, amphibians, primates and armadillos are being protected in this park.
The rain forests of Amazon are being felled at a large scale every year. Most of the forests are cleared for agricultural development, housing complexes, ranches and roads. The timber merchants of some timber companies have more than 15 lakh kilometer square forests of Amazon.
This is a big loss for the habitats of wild animals. The loss of rain forests is the loss to all the citizens of the earth. These rain forests are the lungs of earth as they absorb C02 from atmosphere and in exchange release oxygen for us. These forests affect human life all over the world. We all the citizens of the world should protect these precious forests.
Atlantic Pine Forests:
The Atlantic pine Forests are some of unique and rare forests in the state of Santa Catarina in Brazil. The Araucarias National Park is spread up to 12,481 hectares and Mata Preta Ecological Station is spread in 6,563 hectares. Both are of great importance in protecting remnant forests of the Parana or Brazilian Pine Araucaria angustifolia.
The Araucaria pine forests of Southern and South Eastern Brazil, a distinctive formation of the Brazilian Atlantic forests, once were covered in more than 20 million hectares but were devastated by the timber industry and continuous felling today has reduced the remnants covering a mere 2% of that area. The Brazilian oak is one of the Brazilian threatened species list since 1992.
Essay # 5. Salonga National Park:
Salonga National Park is famous for Bonobos (Pigmy Chimpanzees) in the Democratic Republic of Congo. The Park is spread up to 12,000 km square forestland and is a bio-diversity hotspot in the world. The first detailed survey on the presence of Bonobos in Congo Basin was conducted in 2005. It was found that there was little evidence of Bonobos presence species occurring in the Salonga National Park.
No live bonobos were seen and sightings of nests and dungs were found only in a quarter area of the forest. It is now thought that the Bonobos population is 10,000, 80% fewer than previously was thought. The survey found abundant evidence of human encroachment into the park and the incidence of poaching.
Salonga National Park was created in 1970 specifically to protect Bonobos. If the situation is this in Salonga National Park it can be assumed that the species is in danger across the Democratic Republic of Congo.
Essay # 6. Virunga National Park (Rwanda, Uganda, Congo):
The Virunga National Park is a bio-diversity hotspot between Uganda, Rwanda and Democratic Republic of Congo. The park is spread in 800,000 hectare. This is the home of the threatened Mountain Gorilla, Gorilla beringei beringei.
There is a massive deforestation in the Mickeno sector of the forest. The encroachment by pastoralists, agriculturists, and local communities has threatened the existence of forestland as well as mountain gorillas here. The other wild animals, reptiles and birds are also on the verge of extinction as there is continuous felling of the forestland.
An Eco-wall of stones has been erected in the park up to 20 km. This will help to stop encroachment by local people. This wall was erected by 2000 workforce, six Rwandan community associations and 12 Congolese associations with some NGOs have contributed in this wall. Now the encroachment has been stopped permanently.
Essay # 7. Kruger National Park (South Africa):
The Kruger National Park is called the King of Parks in South Africa. This National Park is spread in 21,000 square km. This Park has become economic backbone of South Africa’s Tourism Department. There is a metaled road up to 200 km. 700 km road is in good state.
In this Park, there are 10,000 elephants, 3500 Rhinos (White), 500 Rhinos (black), 25,000 wild buffaloes, 2000 lions, 900 tigers, 250 cheetahs, 5000 Giraffe, 13,000 wild beast, 1,40,000 Impala dears, 900 stag deer and 30,000 zebras that roam more freely in the Kruger National Park.
Besides this, 507 beautiful bird species, 114 species of reptiles, 34 species amphibians, 49 fishes, and 336 tree species are found in the Park. The water birds and shore birds are found in the wetlands and coastal areas.
Essay # 8. Yosemite National Park (USA):
This park is spread up to 3082 square km and with most beautiful scenic spots like Sierra Nevada. The Park is in the Yosemite Valley which is 11 km long and 1.5 km wide. There are Glacial Point, Cathederal Rocks, Elcapltan and Sentinel Rocks.
Among the highest water falls are – Ribbon Fall 491 meter high, the other large falls are Bridaliveil, Sentinel, Vernal and Navada. Yosemite Park is in the nine of transhumant derives its name from a tribe Transhumant Amerindians who seasonally occupied the valley.
The valley was discovered in 1830s but it was quite difficult to reach there for many years. Here, the black beer, ptarmigan, mountain bluebird, three toed woodpecker and other song birds are also found here. Besides these, mountain Rocky goats, bighorn sheep, grizzly bears and water birds are also found in large numbers.
Essay # 9. Hornbill National Park (Thailand):
The Hornbill Research Foundation in Mahidol University, Thailand is conducting a research on the important species of Hornbills found in the rainforests of Thailand. There are 12 species of Hornbills which are found in Thailand.
There are 9 species and sub species of Hornbills found in the Islands of Philippines. The rain forests of Philippines have most beautiful species of hornbills in the dense forests. A large species of hornbill from an island of Philippines has been vanished away in the last few decades. This was a big loss to bird lovers.
Essay # 10. Mauritania National Park:
The Park is a most beautiful and amazing wetland with rich sea and coastal biodiversity. It covers 12,000 square kilometers, equally distributed between land and sea and is Africa’s largest Coastal National Park. It is a wetland of international importance registered under the Ramsar Convention and UNESCO World Heritage Site. The Park was found in 1976 mainly for its birdlife to allow the sustainable management of the fish population in the Park.
Essay # 11. Halma Hera National Park:
The Island of Halmahera has been declared a historical park. The Aketa Jawa-Lolobeta on the Island of Halmahera, Indonesia has been declared a National Park following more than 8 years of discussion. The Park will protect 167,300 hectares of hill and lowland rainforests.
The Park is vital for at least 23 bird species endemic to North Maluku, including Wallace’s standardwing (Semioptera wallacei) and three of Halmahera’s four endemic bird species sombre Kingfisher (Halcyon funebris), Halmaheracuckooshrike (Coracina parvula) and dusky oriole (Oriolus phaeocromus).
The Park is also home to the seminomadic tribals Tobelo Dalam whose traditional life style has been under increasing pressure as forests are logged and cleared for settlements and plantations.
Essay # 12. Great Barrier Coral Reef, Queensland (Australia):
The Australian Government has proposed a 6000 km increase in the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park so that the entire system is protected. A number of the new projected areas include sea grass beds that are of vital importance to dugongs (Dugong dugon). Once the Queensland Government approved the proposals, the new areas will be included in the Park under the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Act, 1975.
The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral reef in the world. It is composed of over 2,900 reefs and 900 coral islands spread up to 2,600 kilometers an area covering 344,400 square kilometers. The reef is located in the Coral Sea off the coast of Queensland State in the Northeast of Australia.
This Great Reef is the world’s single largest structure made by the living organisms. It supports a rich bio-diversity and was selected as a World Heritage Site in 1981. The CNN has considered it one of the seven natural wonders of the world.
The Queensland Government has named it a State Icon of Queensland. The researches show that the complete reef structure was completed 6,000 years ago. The bio-diversity in the Reef system is rich and varied. There are whales, dolphins, porpoises and fishes in the Great Barrier Reef including dwarf mink whales, Indo-Pacific humback dolphin and the Humpback whales. Large populations of dugongs live there in the grass beds.
Six species of sea turtles come to the reef to breed. The green see turtle, leather back sea turtle, hawksbill turtle, loggs head sea turtle, leatherback sea turtle, loggers head sea turtle, flat back turtle and olive ridley turtle come here to breed.
The Green Sea turtle show two genetically distinct populations at Northern part and the other on Southern part. Fifteen species of sea grass beds attract the dugongs and turtles to breed. There are 5000 species of mollusks, 125 species of sharks, 49 species of sea horses in the reef system.
There are seven species of frogs on coral islands. Some 215 species of birds including 22 sea birds, 32 species of shore birds come to the reef to breed and nesting. Every year 1.7 million birds come to the islands. The northern islands have some 300-350 plant species.
Seventeen sea snakes live on the Great Barrier Reef. No sea snake was found in Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. There are more than 1500 species of fish including clownfish, red bass, red throat, snapper, and coral trout on the reef.
The common soft coral on Great Barrier Reef belong to 36 genera. 500 species of marine algae or sea-weed is found on the coral reef. There are thirteen species of genus Helimeda, which deposit calcareous mounds up to 100 meters wide creating marine ecosystem on the surface are compared to a rain forest cover. The rising temperature in 2002 and 2006 has bleached the coral reefs to a large extent. The growing pollution and global warming have affected the marine life of the Coral Sea.
Essay # 13. PuMat Nature Reserve:
Vietnam is a haven for wild animals. The strange mammal saola (Rseudoryse nghetinhensis) is found here. The species of Bovid was first discovered in Vietnam on May 1992. Later, the same species was found in Laos. The PuMat Nature Reserve contains one of the largest blocks of forest remaining in the Truong son Mountain range on the border below Laos and Vietnam. Since mid-1997 it has been the focus of project supported by European Commission designed to halt its destructions and degradation.
These forests are considered among the most ancient forests where a large numbers of mammals, reptiles, amphibians, aves and primates are found in good state.
Essay # 14. Taxa Plants, New Zealand:
New Zealand is internationally known for its plant bio-diversity. This country is considered rich in bio-diversity. It is a hotspot in various species of taxa plants. 80% of country’s vascular plants are endemic and some of them are on the verge of extinction.
Among the country’s taxa plants, 119 species are native vascular plants which are acutely threatened. A further 102 taxa are seriously on the verge of decline and 502 taxa are at risk.
The role of New Zealand Plant Conservation Network has been admired by the environmentalists worldwide. The network had started a campaign to protect these plants with the help of botanists, botanical gardens, zoos, local authorities, local councils, universities and the Government Department of Conservation. The project has been successful in creating mass awareness among the people in New Zealand.
Essay # 15. Milky Storks of Malaysia:
The milky storks, the rare storks in the world are on the verge of extinction. The habitat loss, growing pollution and global warming has reduced their survival. Human disturbances and poaching have threatened their existence.
The milky stork (Mycteria cinerea) is an endangered species in Malaysia. The Malaysian Nature Society has announced that only 10 birds remain in Malaysia, making extinction in the next five years. The work of the Malaysian Nature Society has been quite admirable in the conservation of Milky Storks.
Essay # 16. Mount Hkaborazi National Park:
The Park was created by Myanmar Government on October 10th 1998. This Park exists between Tibetan Border and Myanmar. The Park covers 3812 square kilometers of snowcapped Himalayan Peaks, sub- alpine habitats and tropical evergreen rainforests.
It gives shelters to mammals such as takin, red panda, goral, musk deer and black barking deer. Unfortunately, it does not cover the range of the recently discovered leaf deer a species of muntjac. This area should also be covered, under the Eastern Himalayan Park. The above unique species should be protected by all means.
Essay # 17. Butterfly Sanctuaries, Mexico:
The three forests in Mexico have been declared the Butterfly Parks as several species of butterflies breed and move freely in the moisturous forests, of Mexico. The butterflies arrive here from Canada, USA and breed here at a particular occasion and again move to other countries. The butterflies in some countries are on the verge of extinction. In Europe, there are 567 species of butterflies and 69 species are threatened – 17 at global level and 52 at a European level.
A survey on butterflies was conducted in 50 forests of Uganda and it was found that the sites of butterflies were under threat. It took five years and a fund of $1600,000 was spent on the survey and research work. In a Valley in Colombia has resulted in the discovery of a new species of butterflies. It has been put in Natural History Museum, London.
Essay # 18. Kakadoo National Park, Australia:
Kakadoo is a vast wilderness and National Park in Australia. This park is a living laboratory of wild animals and amazing beautiful plants and trees. The life in Kakadoo is more enjoyable when some people track the wildland for recreational activities like bird watching.
There are some amazing bird species here like kakatoo, kingfisher, hornbill, woodpecker, water fowls and wild fowls. Some water birds come here to breed and enjoy life during winter as well as summer. The large trees, bushes, dwarf plants and grasslands full of long green grasses provide shelter to mammals, reptiles, avies, primates, small mammals, rabbits, porcupine and relatives of Weasels. The birds are amazing and beautiful and chirp with beautiful songs.
Essay # 19. Danube Delta:
This is a most beautiful Delta of Danube river and also the home of several wild animals, plants and birds. This is the ecologically most sensitive wetland. Ukraine has come under international pressure to halt the construction of a shipping canal through the ecologically sensitive environment of Danube delta. The work is continuing on the spot despite the worldwide protest.
The Ukraine authorities explain that the project carries no serious environmental risk but conservationists fear that the work will destroy bird and fish habitats there. In the past four months, the US and EU have officially asked Ukraine to stop all construction work pending on independent scientific assessment. This construction may hamper the bio-diversity and also erode the Delta on a larger scale.
Essay # 20. Yavorovski: National Park, Ukraine:
The Yavorovski National Park of Ukraine is spread in 7078.6 hactares. The park was established in Yavorovski District, Lvov oblast, Western Ukraine. The park provides protection to more than 1340 species of vascular plants, 27 of which are listed in the Ukraine’s Red Data Book. The park also consist more than 250 bird species, 12 species of amphibians and 8 reptile species. It has a distinct mosaic of soil types that give rise to some 20 types of forest community.
Essay # 21. Ukraine Wetland and Water Birds:
The Wetlands of Ukraine are some of the best wetlands in world which protect various species of birds and water animals. The Sivash wetland is near the border of Azov Sea in Southern Ukraine. From time to time several scientific surveys were conducted to support the conservation project of the wetland and locate the exact numbers of different species of birds there.
In a recent survey, it was revealed that there were more than 1.4 million waterbirds including 23,000 grebs, 30,000 cormorants, 208,000 swans, geese and ducks, 340,000 coots, 515000 waders, 167,000 gulls and 96,000 terns. The Survey confirmed that Sivash ranks alongside the Wadden Sea and Banc d’ Arguin as one of the most important wetlands for birds in the Western Pelaearctic flyway. This is the traditional flyway and nesting place of most of the migratory birds. This wetland is a haven for most of the water birds and shore bids for roosting.
Essay # 22. Chilean Endemic Forests:
A beautiful, rare and endemic forest in Chile is on the verge of extinction. Continuous encroachment for housing, timber and agriculture has vanished away some of the most important forests of the world. In Chile some forests are quite rare and important for human life.
The Ruil Nothofagus alessandrii forest, a rare and endemic temperate forest in central Chile, could disappear in 10 years. By 1999 only 352.2 hectare of this forest type remained in 183 fragments surrounded by a matrix of Pinus radiata plantations.
Only 42 hectares of forests are protected in a public reserve. The forest is also being invaded by introduced species. Conservation efforts involving land owners and public agencies are required, both inside and outside the protected areas.
Essay # 23. Welsh Islands, UK:
Uk’s Welsh coast is a haven for waterbirds and shorebirds. The islands of Skomer, Skokholm and Middleholm, are off the Welsh coast of UK. The islands are most important breeding sites for the shearwater puffinus puffinus. A survey has revealed that 150,000 pairs of this bird breed here which is 50 percent of world population.
The species is only bird breeding in the UK to migrate to South America where it spends winters in the South Atlantic, Off Argentina, Brazil and Uruguay. The Welsh Islands are a haven for the breeding of Puffinus, a bird of local origin.
Essay # 24. Rajaji National Park:
Rajaji National Park is a favourite destination for the safari tourists from all over the world. It is a world famous bio-diversity National Park which is known for its Asian elephants and tigers. The Park covers 1225 kilometer square area and is a haven for kingfisher, laughing birds, yellow paradise, white paradise, hornbills, karaoon, saraoon (magpies), kaljeenth (black magpie) Hilansh, Kaffoo, koel and several other species of magnificent birds. Some 65 wild birds including several species of cranes are found here in the Saung river banks in the Park.
The bears, sambhar, stagdeer, boars, wildcats, several species of primates, mongoose, rabbits (black and red), marsh deers and several other wild animals like porcupine are found in the park. The toads and water frogs are common in the park.
Besides this, several evergreen trees, plants, flowering bushes, fruit trees and berries are found in the park. The Park is a haven for honey birds (humming birds and long stalked flowering bushes.) It is known for its fresh water mangroves. Two orchid species are found in Rajaji National Park. These are – Obenoria and Vanda Cristata. Orchids are quite popular and are found on the moisturous Saal and Semal trees in the Park.
Essay # 25. Kaziranga National Park:
Kaziranga National Park is a natural biological Park in the world spread up to 759 square kilometers. This park is a haven for several amazing wild animals including elephants, rhinos, deers, hogdeer, wild buffalos, swamp deers, sambbar, wild boars, hog badgers, bears, fishing cat, cobras, python, civets and rabbits are found in this beautiful park.
The park is a haven for wild birds including small song birds. The monkeys and langoors are common sight here. The one horned Rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis) and wild buffalo are found here. It has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.
Kaziranga National Park is being disturbed by local hunters and Poachers. The continuous hunting has reduced the unique Rhino (Rhinoceros unicornis) population in the Park. Besides this, the flood affects the wildlife in the park every year. This has badly damaged the population of every wild animal here.
Kaziranga National Park in Assam is a World Heritage site and main stronghold of Great Indian Rhinoceros (Rhinoceros unicornis). The population of Rhinos was badly affected by floods in 1998. There were three periods of flooding – first in June 1998 but third from 3 to 8th September, caused the deaths of large numbers of animals, either by drowning, or being killed by people’s vehicles.
Thirty-two Rhino drowned and four were poached. Five elephants, 20 wild buffalos, 400 hogdeers, 8 swampdeers, 10 Sambers, 14 wild bears, 5 hogbadgers, 1 bear, 9 porcupines were killed. At Southern edge of park, 1 elephant, 28 hog deers 3 wild boars, 2 hog badgers, 1 fishing cat, 2 cobra, 1 python and 2 civets were found dead because of devastating flood.
During the flood 47 animals were rescued including 1 rhino calf, 42 hogdeers, 2 swamp deers 2 wild boars and 1 elephant. The hogdeer and deer population was reduced to 50 percent in the flood. This was a devastating loss to the Kaziranga.
Every year several animals including elephants, rhinos, bears and deers are killed by devastating floods as well as the poachers. The teeth of elephants bring US $ 100,000 and the horn of rhino US $ 50,000 in the international market. The network of the smugglers, poachers and whiskers is so strong that the park authorities are almost unknown about the ghastly killing of those wild animals in the park.
At present, there are 2500 rhinos in the world of which over 1500 live in Kaziranga National Park. It is believed that in the last one decade. 1200 rhinos have been killed by the poachers. Kaziranga is a living natural laboratory for its rich biodiversity. This is the natural habitat for Rhinocesos unicornis and wild buffalos. We should protect the rich bio-diversity of Kaziranga.
Essay # 26. Wildlife of Arunachal Pradesh:
Arunachal is a living laboratory of the bio-diversity in the world. The forests, meadows, pastures and valleys are beautiful manifestations of nature. This state is rich in beauty as well as wild life. The medicinal herbs, moisture loving plants, orchids and ferns and several species of wildflowers attract the tourists from the world over. The state is a heaven for the mountaineers, trekkers, explorers and camp lovers.
The mountain deer, tigers, bears, primates, porcupines, rabbits and weasels are found in the state. The wild animals of cold climate are a distinct feature here. The wild pheasants and song birds are common sight here. One small species of the Himalayan Monals is found in the forests of Arunachal. The landscape and bio-diversity of this state is most enchanting and amazing in the world.
Some species of monkeys from Arunachal are quite unique and different from the rest of the world. The mammals, reptiles, aves, primates and orthopoda animals are quite unique and amazing. The border areas and wildlife of Arunachal Pradesh should be protected by all means. Arunachal Pradesh is the heaven of India and we should save it from foreign encroachments. Indian Army personnel have done their best to protect its borders and environment with great dedication.
Essay # 27. Bio-Diversity of Central Asia:
The Archa (junipers) forests once covered the areas of Tienshan and Pamir-Alai, in Kyrgyzstan and Kazakhstan, have been reduced to some remnants. Once spread to 20,000 km2 now remain 4000 km2 in the mountains of Soviet Central Asia.
In these areas, the practice of livestock rearing, grazing in the forests has destroyed all possibility of natural vegetation. The most beautiful forests of Archa (Juniper) have been destroyed by the timber traders, farmers, local communities and livestock grazers.
The other Russian Natural Forests are unique and most beautiful scenic landscapes in the world but lack of maintenance and publicity the areas remain unnoticed. The Zapovedniks Reserve forests, Katunsky Biosphere Reserve are among the most enchanting and sacred forests in the world. The Snow Mountains, juniper forests and the open plain grasslands create an amazing ecosystem and moulds them into a beautiful scenic land.
Essay # 28. Ecosystem of Sumatra:
The Ecosystem of Sumatran forest is rich and amazing in the world. It is the combination of rain forests, evergreen plants, moisture and heavy growth of shade loving herbs. The orchids and ferns have given a true colour to floral diversity. Among the mammals – tigers, cloud tigers, boars, bears and primates of different species are found here. Some wild animals and birds here are quite amazing and rare in the world. Most of the species of primates are endemic here.
The orangutans (The man of forest) are found in the ancient forests and National Parks of Sumatra. The rain forests are being felled at an alarming rate. It is estimated that one- third of the rain forests in the country have already been wiped out.
The future of orangutans is in danger as there are only surviving between 3000-5000 orangutans in the forests of Sumatra. The ecosystem of Sumatra is affected by global warming, encroachment, loss of habitats and pollution in certain areas of Sumatra.
Essay # 29. Importance of Bio-Diversity Hot-Spots:
There are only certain natural areas, wilderness and forests in the world which are known for their rich bio-diversity. Some regions of the world are rich in amazing floral diversity. These certain areas are known as “Bio-diversity Hotspots” in the world.
To protect them, we should stop deforestation at all levels. At present, there are 30 global biodiversity hot spots all over the world. Maputaland in South Africa, Swaziland, and Kwazulu Natal are the global hotspot of bio-diversity. The area contains a large numbers of plants and animals which are endemic to this area.
There is a continuous threat from unplanned agriculture and town planning. The new map shows the areas that are most important for conserving the regions vegetation types and has just been used by Zulu Natal wildlife, the provincial conservation body, to guide the development of proposed eucalyptus plantations in the area. Among other bio-diversity hotspots are Amazon forests, rain forests of Venezuela, Colombia, South Africa, Ghana, Gabon, Cameroun and Congo Basin are among the best known their amazing bio-diversity.
Essay # 30. Conservation Tasks:
There should be an excellent policy and strategy to conserve and protect National Parks from timber traders, hunters and tribals. The ancient forests should be protected from local communities, encroachment from farmers, construction of housing, roads and increasing pollution. The timber companies and other illegal activities in the forests have damaged several beautiful spots of natural importance.
Several forests areas in the Himalayas, Central Asia, South East Asia, Africa, Australia and Amazonia have been vanished away. The rain forests all over the world have been felled at an alarming rate. The protection of such forests is necessary for balancing the proportion of C02 and oxygen in the environment.
Essay # 31. Reforestation:
There should be proper planning and strategy for the fencing of protected and forests all over the world. The Continuous reforestation on the felling spots is the reality of time to maintain the forest cover through replanting and protecting them for the future.
For example, reforestation activities in the Himalayan states of India have encouraged people to plant more trees in the forests which were felled earlier by the timber merchants. The oak, cedar and pine forests have grown into complete trees. In the rain forests too same native tree species should be planted at a larger scale.
Spreading of Forest Cover:
There is a great need to spread a larger forest cover to make up the lost forests in the mountains, tropical countries and wetland forests in the wetland areas. The Atlantic forests of Brazil are some rare examples of Prana pine. Now, there are only 2 percent remnant forests existing in Brazil. There should be heavy reforestation activities in some countries where a large number of ancient forests have been vanished away.
Essay # 32. Protection to Wild Species and Habitats:
There are numerous organizations and environmental agencies which are providing protection to wild animal species and their habitats. This is the best way to protect the wild life and their places of shelter. In developing countries, efforts are being made to fence the wildlife Parks and bio-diversity hot spots to protect the animals and plants within it. Some of the countries have been in political chaos for some decades and a large number of manpower had to settle near forests. A large chunk of a forest was used for fuel and timber and the wildlife was used for food.
This has reduced the population of primates in several African countries:
1. There is a huge profit in the conservation of wildlife Parks and bio-diversity hot sports all over the world. Some countries have developed wildlife tourism through National Parks and wildlife sanctuaries. For example, British Columbia, (Canada) is the best example of that sort. Amazonian wilderness, the rain forests of Ghana and Congo Basins are some of the ideal examples. National Kruger Park, South Africa is an excellent example of Wildlife Tourism in the world.
2. There is always a possibility of employment through wildlife tourism. British Columbia earns 9.5 billion dollars every year and provides employment to 117,500 people through wilderness tourism. Some 20 Amazon Travel and Tours companies are earning revenue through their worldwide sponsored tours and creating employment for the younger generation.
3. The Economic benefits are many. We earn a good bunch of foreign exchange. There are hotels, motels, restaurants where the tourists eat food and drink beverages. They use cars, buses taxis and several other things and pay direct money in exchange.
4. To create wildlife tourism, we, the citizens of the world should protect bio-diversity hotspots all over the world.