A project report on CNG (Compressed Natural Gas). This project report will help you to learn about: 1. Introduction to CNG 2. Meaning of CNG 3. Benefits 4. Dispensing Facilities 5. Economics 6. Emissions with CNG vs. Conventional Fuels 7. Characteristics of CNG vis-a-vis Petrol 8. Technical Feasibility of CNG Conversions.
Contents:
- Project Report on Introduction to CNG
- Project Report on the Meaning of CNG
- Project Report on the Benefits of CNG
- Project Report on the Dispensing Facilities of CNG
- Project Report on the Economics of CNG
- Project Report on Emissions with CNG vs. Conventional Fuels
- Project Report on the Characteristics of CNG vis-a-vis Petrol
- Project Report on the Technical Feasibility of CNG Conversions
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Project Report # 1. Introduction to CNG:
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Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) as a fuel is clean, economical and has been in use worldwide to power vehicles. There are over 1,200,000 vehicles running on CNG in the world. Existing petrol vehicles can use CNG by installing a bi-fuel conversion kit and the converted vehicle will have the flexibility of operating either on CNG or petrol.
CNG is lead free and its use substantially reduces harmful engine emissions and helps keep the environment clean. Besides, operational cost of vehicles running on CNG is approximately one third that of petrol. Due to its relative advantages and superiority over conventional fuels, CNG is the most promising alternative fuel for city transport. It is a transportation fuel for today and the future.
Project Report # 2. Meaning of CNG:
CNG (short for Compressed Natural Gas) is a mixture of hydrocarbons consisting of approximately 80 to 90 per-cent methane in gaseous form. Due to its low energy density, it is compressed to a pressure of 200 to 250 kg/cm2 (to enhance the vehicle on-board storage in a cylinder) and hence the name Compressed Natural Gas.
Natural Gas is colourless, odourless, non-toxic but inflammable and lighter than air. CNG is not a liquid fuel and is not the same as LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) which consists of propane and butane in liquid form.
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Natural gas is normally transported from the source up to the users by pipelines. Besides widespread industrial use as a clean fuel for applications ranging from electric power generation, feedstock for fertilizer plants to furnaces etc., it is becoming a fuel of choice in domestic and commercial sectors.
Natural gas is compressed to 200 – 250 bar.
Clean burning fuel.
Potential for ultra-low emission.
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Solution for reducing high levels of urban pollutions caused by conventional fuels.
CNG in India, Pilot Program:
Launched in 1992-93 by GAIL in Delhi, Mumbai and Baroda. It is also available in the cities of Surat and Ankaleshwar.
Conversions predominantly of petrol vehicles.
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Diesel buses on duel fuel mode tried.
Project Report # 3. Benefits of CNG:
If you switch to CNG you would derive the following benefits:
(a) Substantial availability of Natural Gas.
(b) Other sources for deriving Natural Gas in abundance like Coal and Bio Mass.
(c) Established clean Fuel.
(d) Regulations in place.
(e) Large infrastructural base.
(f) Potential for ultra-low emission.
(g) Safest alternative fuel.
Project Report # 4. Dispensing Facilities of CNG:
CNG is supplied to the customer consumers mainly through the existing CNG stations. The dispensing units at the stations are supplied through storage cascade (also called “Mother-Stations”) in truck-mounted-cascades to the retail outlets called the “Daughter-Stations”. The “on-board” cylinder in the CNG driven vehicle is refuelled from the dispensing unit under pressure, in a manner similar to petrol filling.
The vehicle cylinder is not taken out or replaced for refuelling. CNG dispensing operates on the principle of equalizing pressure between the storage cascade and vehicle “on-board” cylinder. CNG is sold on retail from the dispenser in Kg. Units using direct mass flow meters while refuelling.
There is reduction in storage pressure with each successive filling at a CNG retail outlet not connected to a gas pipeline. Once station pressure drops, the refuelling time increases, while the quantity of CNG dispensed to the vehicle decreases. Normally a car with one “on-board” cylinder is refuelled in 3 minutes when cascade storage pressure is full.
Project Report # 5. Economics of CNG:
How much does CNG cost?
The present cost of CNG is Rs.12.21 per kg.
What about vehicle Insurance?
The CNG kit installed in the vehicle will have to be insured along with vehicle with accessories. The motorist should notify the insurance company to provide insurance on the CNG system, for which additional premium may be charged by the insurance company. Motorists should run their car after installation only after the risks of the additional CNG kit system are covered by the insurance company.
With retrofit kit higher kilometre in case of petrol vehicle
Lower fuel cost per km. in case of diesel buses
Lower maintenances cost per km.
Lowest life cycle cost.
Project Report # 6. Emissions with CNG vs. Conventional Fuels:
Reduction in IDC Mass Emission with CNG retrofitted as CERTIFIED BY ARAI/ VRDE.
Project Report # 7. Characteristics of CNG vis-a-vis Petrol:
CNG has a much higher octane value than petrol, making it a superior fuel. Due to absence of any lead content in CNG, the lead fouling of plugs is eliminated. Being a gaseous fuel, CNG mixes with air easily even at very low temperatures.
Main features distinguishing CNG from petrol are:
Project Report # 8. Technical Feasibility of CNG Conversions:
Running range of vehicles on CNG?
Since CNG is a gaseous fuel, storage capacity for CNG in a vehicle is comparatively less than that of petrol. The quantity of CNG filled by the dispenser during refuelling also depends upon pressure at the dispensing station.
At maximum permitted filling pressure (200 bar g.), an amount of 8/9/10 kg CNG is stored in 40/50/60 litre size cylinders respectively which is equivalent to approximately 11.2/12.5/14 litres of petrol equivalent. However the gas quantity depends on ambient condition and actual fill pressure.
A Fuel switch on the dash board is fitted to enable the vehicle to run on petrol, in case it runs out of CNG.
Can a diesel vehicle run on CNG?
(a) Both the OEM’s i.e. TATA and Ashok Ley land have developed CNG buses and can convert the existing buses to run on CNG by changing the engine.
(b) How much time is taken for Kit fitment?