A typical drinking water treatment plant is able to clarify the water and makes it hygienically safe. It may also add lime and sodium carbonate to make the water softer, and it may mix the water with activated carbon to improve the odor and the taste. The water is generally made to chlorinate at the […]
How to Treat Polluted Water? (13 Methods)
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How to Treat Water for Public Supply?
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The sources and the quality of raw water determine the type of treatments to be undertaken. For example, if the water is drawn from deep tube-wells, coagulation and filtration are not necessary. Only softening may be necessary where the water is hard, or aeration where the water contains excessive iron taste or odour. For surface […]
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How to Estimate Gaseous Pollutants Present in Air?
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The procedure for analysis of sulphur dioxide, sulphation rate, hydrogen sulphide, oxides of nitrogen, oxidants, fluorides, and carbon monoxide are explained below. These methods have been adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi (India), which are given in IS: 5182. (They are reproduced briefly with kind permission of Bureau of Indian standards). Estimation […]