The following points highlight the ten main factors affecting the construction of facultative pond. The factors are: 1. Site Selection 2. Pretreatment 3. Construction in Stages 4. Multiple Units 5. Pond Shape 6. Embankment 7. Pond Bottom 8. Inlet Structure 9. Outlet Structure 10. Pond Interconnections. Factor # 1. Site Selection: Facultative pond sites should be located as far away [...]
Stabilization ponds are usually classified according to the biological activity that takes place in the ponds as: 1. Aerobic Ponds 2. Anaerobic Ponds 3. Facultative Ponds. 1. Aerobic Ponds (Algae Ponds): The aerobic ponds (also known as algae ponds) are designed to maintain completely aerobic conditions. In these ponds oxygen is supplied by natural surface aeration and by algal photosynthesis. [...]
The design the various parameters of the pond may be determined as indicated below: (i) Surface Area: The surface area of the pond may be determined by assuming a suitable value of organic or BOD loading for the pond expressed as kg BOD5/hectare/day. Since the amount of oxygen that can be produced by photosynthesis and the BOD that can be [...]